As AI tools like ChatGPT become part of daily work and study, a new concern is growing: are we thinking less because AI is thinking for us?
Recent studies suggest that overusing generative AI may reduce critical thinking and memory retention — even if productivity improves.
An MIT study monitored brain activity while people used ChatGPT to write essays. The result? Lower cognitive engagement compared to writing independently. Many participants also struggled to remember what they had written when AI helped them.
Another study by Carnegie Mellon University and Microsoft found that workers who trusted AI the most often applied less critical thinking, relying on AI outputs instead of questioning them.
In schools, the picture is mixed. A survey by Oxford University Press found that:
6 in 10 students felt AI hurt their thinking skills
9 in 10 said it helped with creativity, problem-solving, or revision
Experts say the key is how AI is used. OpenAI researchers recommend treating AI like a tutor — something that explains, guides, and challenges thinking — not a shortcut that replaces effort.
The takeaway?
AI can boost learning when used wisely
But blind dependence can lead to better results with weaker understanding
